Development of an Exfoliated Nanocomposite Prepared by Vinyl Acetate and Organic Montmorillonite: Structure,Dynamic Mechanical Properties and Thermal Degradation

Using in-situ emulsion polymerization, the exfoliated nanocomposites were prepared from vinyl acetate (VAc) and organic montmorillonite (OMMT) through five different experimental conditions. The different experimental conditions and OMMT had little effect on the structure of PVAc–OMMT, but significant effect on the dynamic mechanical properties. They produced a combined effect on the modulus, loss tangent and glass transition temperature (T _g). OMMT could lower T _g of PVAc, and improved PVAc's low temperature resistance. PVAc and PVAc–OMMT all were homogeneous amorphous linear polymers and they all displayed cold crystallization. The different experimental conditions and OMMT had some effects on the thermal degradation. The thermal degradation process was found to consist of eight phases, and those of PVAc and PVAc–OMMT were similar. OMMT had no obvious effect on the thermal degradation temperature, but mainly delayed the thermal degradation process.     

MOLECULAR ENGINEERING STUDIES ON NONTHROMBOGENIC BIOMATERIALS--A NOVEL CLASS OF NONTHROMBOGENIC BIOMATERIALS WITH ZWITTERIONIC STRUCTURE OF CARBOXYBETAINES

N,N-dimethyl-N-methacryloyloxyethyl-N-carboxyethyl ammonium (DMMCA) was graft-copolymerized onto the surface of segmented poly(ether urethane) (SPEU) and PE film. The carboxybetaine structure on SPEU and PE film surfaces was confirmed by ATR-FTIR, XPS and water contact angle measurements. Through the experiments with platelet adhesion and protein adhesion assay in vitro, the two materials studied, including poly-DMMCA gel, all show excellent nonthrombogenicity. This confirms once again that the zwitterionic molecular structure on the surfaces of materials is essential for improving their nonthrombogenicity and biocompatibility.     

STRUCTURE, MOLECULAR WEIGHT AND BIOACTIVITIES OF (1→3)-β-D- GLUCANS AND ITS SULFATED DERIVATIVES FROM FOUR KINDS OF LENTINUS EDODES

Lentinan samples, (1→3)-β-D-glucans containing 4.6-15.2 wt% proteins, coded as L-I1, L-I2, L-I3 and L-I4 (L-I)were isolated from four kinds of Lentinus edodes. These glucans were treated with acetone to remove the protein in order to obtain free protein glucans coded as LNP-I1, LNP-I2, LNP-I3 and LNP-I4 (LNP-I). The free-protein polysaccharides were sulfated to give derivatives (S-LNP-I) with degree of substitution (DS) from 0.4-0.8. The structural features and weight- average molecular weight (Mw) of the samples were investigated by using infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis,13C-NMR, size exclusion chromatography combined with laser light scattering (SEC-LLS) and viscometry. The effects of structure and conformation of the polysaccharides on antitumor activities were assayed in vivo (Sarcoma 180 solid tumors)and in vitro (Sarcoma 180, HL-60, MCF-7 and Vero tumors). The results indicated that the predominant species of the samples L-I and LNP-I in 0.2 mol/L NaCl aqueous solution existed as triple-helical chains with high rigidity and in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as single-flexible chains. Interestingly, the antitumor activities of LNP-I are lower than those of the native glucans (L-I), whereas their sulfated derivatives have higher inhibition ratio against Sarcoma 180 than LNP-I. The results reveal that the binding of protein, sulfated modification and the triple helix conformation are important factors in the enhancement of the antitumor activities of polysaccharides on the whole.     

Interfacial modification for controlling silica–polysiloxane interactions and bonding in some elastomeric composites

Silica reinforcing fillers were generated using the sol-gel approach and their surfaces were modified using either a vinyl alkoxysilane (to provide permanent bonding to a host poly(dimethylsiloxane) elastomer), or a hemiacetal ester (to provide bonding that could be thermally ruptured). The surface areas of the fillers were measured by nitrogen absorption, and their morphologies, interfacial structures, and crosslinking to the elastomer were characterized by ultra small angle and small angle X-ray scattering, scanning electron microcopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Increasing the amount of the silane coupling agent decreased silica domain sizes, with corresponding increases in surface area and stronger filler-polymer interactions. Vinyltrimethoxysilane had a larger effect than vinylmethyldimethoxysilane. The tensile moduli, tensile strengths, and degrees of toughness of the composites were determined using stress-strain measurements in elongation, both under near-equilibrium conditions and under continuous extension. The permanently bonded modifications gave composites with improved mechanical properties. Rupturing the hemiacetal ester bonding at 120-150°C gave some increase in ultimate stress, maximum elongation, and toughness, thus underscoring the importance of interactions or 'networking' between filler particles.     

钕锗钼杂多酸根配合物的合成、晶体结构和光谱性质

合成及制备了K~7H~6[Nd(GeMo~1~1O~3~9)~2].27H~2O单晶, 测定其晶体结构, 空间群属P2~1/n, 晶胞参数: a=1.7095(4), b=2.6895(3), c=2.1214(5)nm, β=103.11(2)^o; V=9.4994(3)nm^3; Z=4; D~m=3.14g/cm^3, D~c=3.05g/cm^3; μ(MoKa)=43.7cm^-^1。利用结构分析的结果, 研究配合物的IR光谱性质, 提出利用IR光谱推测杂多配合物分子结构特征的实验证据和理论根据。电子光谱证实配合物中Nd^3^+的f轨道参与成键。     

Schiff碱Cu(II)配合物的结构、光谱及电化学性质

为了探讨配合物结构对性质的影响,合成了两个Schiff碱的铜配合物{[Cu(II) (L1)]ClO_4(1)和[Cu(II)(L2)-(H_2O)_2](BF_4)_2(2)},并用红外、质谱和元素分 析对它们进行了表征,用X射线衍射方法测定了它们的昌体结构。实验结果表明： 配合物1和2均属三斜晶系,P1空间群。1的晶胞参数为a = 1.1147(6)nm, b = 1. 1481(7)nm, c = 0.770(3)nm; α = 98.81(4) °,β=106.94(4)°γ= 66.49(4)° ;V=0.8715(8)nm~3,Z=2,R=0.044.2的晶胞参数为a=1.0819(4)nm, b = 1.4095(6) nm, c = 1.0192(4)nm; α=96.54(4)°,β=106.18(3)°,γ=80.51(3)°;V=1. 4681(5)nm~3, Z=2, R = 0.068.此外,配合物1的Cu-O(1)键长[0.1880(5)nm]和可 见吸收波长(λ_(max)=557nm)比2[0.1982(6)nm,λ_(max)=605nm]短。配合物2在- 0。80～-1.20V范围内出现两个氧化和两个还原过程。     

五配位Cu(I)配合物[Cu(4′-Phtpy)(PPh3)2](BF4)的合成、结构及光谱性质研究

由[Cu(MeCN)2(PPh3)2(BF4)和4′－苯基－2,2′：6′,2″－三联吡啶（4′ -Phtpy)在室温下反应,合成了一个新颖的具有光致发光性能的五配位配合物[Cu (4′-Phtpy)(PPh3)2](BF4)。对配合物进行了X射线衍射结构表征,并进行了红外 光谱、紫外可见光谱、荧光光谱等光谱学分析。晶体属单斜晶系,空间群Pn,晶胞 参数：a=1.0807(6)nm,b=1.0943(6)nm,c=2.1610(12)nm,α=90°,β=102.785(10) °,γ=90°,V=2.492(2)nm^3,Z=2,Dc=1.354g·cm^-3。配合物中,Cu(I)与4′- Phtpy的3个N,2个PPh3的P配位呈变形三角双锥型结构,其轴向由Cu键合联吡啶的 末端2个N所组成,赤道平面由联吡啶的中心N原子和2个PPh3的P原子所组成。     

聚四苯基卟啉及其金属配合物的XPS研究

用XPS 研守了聚四苯基卟啉及其18 种金属化合物, 证实了这些金属化合物为金属配合物. 由π→π* 激发能, 跃迁几率和N18 位移证明这些金属化合物是金属离子镶嵌在芳族大π体系共轭环中而成的金属配合物. 初步表明这些金属配合物的稳定性金属原子半径的增大而降低.     

Organic–inorganic polymer hybrids prepared by the sol-gel method

This review focuses on some aspects of organic-inorganic hybrid materials prepared by the sol-gel method. This field has been studied worldwide as one of the nanotechnologies, and is now of current interest for both organic and inorganic scientists. The elaboration of organic–inorganic polymer hybrid materials using the sol-gel process can be accomplished by various approaches. The simplest method is increasing the compatibility by using physical interactions, covalent bonding and compatibilizer between organic polymer and silica gel. Other novel approaches, such as an in-situ method, NHSG (Non- Hydrolysis Sol-Gel) process, and use of reactive polymer hybrids resulted in the preparation of novel transparent organic–inorganic polymer hybrid materials. Stimulus responsive polymer hybrids are also mentioned. Furthermore, nano-structured organic–inorganic polymer hybrids are created by using supermolecular and self-assembly of organic molecules or polymers recently. The obtained nano-structured hybrid materials showed unique properties that could not be found in amorphous hybrid materials. The possibilities and applications of organic–inorganic polymer hybrid materials are also described in this review.     

Reaction-Induced Phase Separation and Structure Formation in Polymer Blends

The peculiarities of reaction-induced phase separation and the structure formation in semi- and full interpenetrating polymer networks and in the blends of linear polymers formed in situ are analyzed. It is shown that for most of these systems phase separation proceeds viathe spinodal decomposition mechanism resulting in the formation of interconnected spatially periodic structures. The possible ways for the structure regulation of the composites produced are considered.